Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• of ZHS, SnO2/ZHS, NCDs/ZHS and SnO2/NCDs/ZHS samples, and (d) PL spectra (inset: transient fluorescence decay spectra). Figure 11 was republished with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry from [76] (“Constructing Z-scheme SnO2/N-doped carbon quantum dots/ZnSn(OH)6 nanohybrids with high redox

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• of N-CuMe2Pc nanorods. The sample M10P2, in which 10 mg of MXene and 2 mg N-CuMe2Pc were used, exhibited high ionic conductivity and the measured value of the specific capacitance was 786 F·g−1 [16]. Li et al. synthesized monolayer wrinkled Ti3C2Tx grafted with HF and decorated with N-doped carbon by

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• catalysts is highly desirable for practical applications in lithium–oxygen batteries. Herein, a heterostructure of NiFe and NiCx inside of N-doped carbon (NiCx-NiFe-NC) derived from bimetallic Prussian blue supported on biochar was developed as a novel self-standing cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries. The

• carbon is a promising cathode material for lithium–oxygen batteries. Keywords: electrocatalytic performance; lithium–oxygen batteries; N-doped carbon; nickel carbide; oxygen evolution reaction (OER); oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); specific capacity; Introduction Clean and sustainable renewable energy

• and the NaOH solution, resulting in a Ni(OH)2/NiFe-PBA core–shell structure [44][45][46]. During the calcination process, Ni(OH)2 was converted into NiCx, and the NiFe-PBA core was converted into a NiFe alloy coated with N-doped carbon. The microstructure of NiFe-PBA/PP-T was evaluated by SEM. Figure

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• layers (25.2 wt %), Ni encapsulated within single-layer graphene (32.8 wt %), but higher than that of nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes (14.5 wt %), and much lower than those of with N-doped carbon shells coated face-centered cubic (fcc) or hexagonal closed packed (hcp) nickel

• (69 and 71 wt %, respectively, see Table S3, Supporting Information File 1). In the literature, there are various reports on Ni/carbon and Ni/N-doped carbon composites (Table S3, Supporting Information File 1). These composites are largely obtained by pyrolysis of Ni precursors or Ni-containing metal

• formation of pyridinic N and graphitic or quaternary N have been demonstrated to improve the activity of N-modified carbon-based materials such as N-doped ordered porous carbon and N-doped carbon nanotubes [49][50]. According to our evaluation of the XPS data, 8 atom % N is involved in bonding to Ni for Ni

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• Abstract Amorphous and graphitized nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbon spheres are investigated as structurally well-defined model systems to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between synthesis, structure, and their activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). N-doped carbon spheres were

• doping on the carbon sphere morphology, structure, elemental composition, N bonding configuration as well as porosity is investigated in detail. For the N-doped carbon spheres, the maximum nitrogen content was found at a doping temperature of 700 °C, with a decrease of the N content for higher

• temperatures. The overall nitrogen content of the graphitized N-doped carbon spheres is lower than that of the amorphous carbon spheres, however, also the microporosity decreases strongly with graphitization. Comparison with the electrocatalytic behavior in the ORR shows that in addition to the N-doping, the

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• reaction site or catalytic center in graphite is by doping it with heteroatoms such as B, N, or P. The heteroatom perturbs the electronic structure of the graphite layer subjected to doping, leading to enhanced polarization [14]. N-doped carbon-based electrodes have been successfully tested in VRFBs. For

• example, Wang et al. developed carbon felt deposited with N-doped carbon nanotubes which showed enhanced VRFB performance [15]. He et al. produced N-doped carbon felt by heating the commercial felt at 600 and 900 °C in the presence of NH3 gas. This felt showed enhanced VRFB performance, owing to the

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• as impact mills or extruders may be applicable [68]. Here, we present a fast and scalable synthesis for the production of N-doped carbon materials (Figure 1). PU (spray foam) is used as a nitrogenous carbon source and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is used as an activation agent. Urea (CH4N2O) can

• and a total pore volume of up to 0.9 cm3·g−1. In order to generate different nitrogen contents and to increase the porosity of the carbon material, we used different ratios of urea and K2CO3. Moreover, the N-doped carbon materials have been investigated as electrode material for supercapacitors in

• . Already by adding small amounts of urea, the nitrogen content of the obtained N-doped carbon materials is slightly increased to 1.6 wt % (PUUPC-800-1) and 2.8 wt % (PUUPC-800-2, Table 1). Moreover, the addition of urea influences the activation process itself [64], resulting in an increased surface area

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• Holdings Inc., 2-31-11, Nihonbashi Ningyo-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8650, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.10.148 Abstract Herein, we synthesized P- and N-doped carbon materials (PN-doped carbon materials) through controlled phosphoric acid treatment (CPAT) of folic acid (FA) and probed their ability to catalyze the

• catalysts for the ORR, with the best practical performance so far observed for N-doped carbon materials [16]. For example, a recently reported metal-free catalyst based on N-doped carbon nanotubes showed high ORR activity even under acidic conditions and allowed for facile electricity generation when

• was deconvoluted into peaks at 398.5, 399.8, and 401.0 eV. In contrast, the N 1s spectrum of P-1000 featured two overlapping peaks centered at 398.5 and 401.7 eV. Conventionally, peaks at 398.5, 400.5, 401, and 402 eV in the N 1s spectra of N-doped carbon materials are assigned to pyridinic, pyrrole

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• of Ni compared to Co for graphene [49][50] and N-doped carbon [51][52] surfaces has already been reported in the literature and could hint at the origin of our results. The annealing of the N-CNTs has also an impact, since the Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT catalyst shows a better distribution than the Pt3Ni/N-CNT

• thus increase the activity of the catalyst. Moreover, the synergetic effect of a Pt3CO catalyst supported on Co containing N-doped carbon material has recently been demonstrated [76]. It is worth noting that the effect of support annealing is not the same for the PtCo and PtNi catalysts. On the non

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• material” in the following text (Figure 1). Structural characterization For a detailed insight into the morphology of the electrode, SEM images of the carbonized sample, N-doped carbon felt and S- and N-doped composite material were taken at two different magnifications (Figure 2). The fibers of the

• of the appearance of the materials during the synthesis. High-resolution images of carbonized carbon felt (left: a,d), N-doped carbon felt (middle: b,e) and S- and N-doped composite material (right: c,f) with 600× (upper row) and 1500× (bottom row) magnification. SEM image of the co-doped composite

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• reduces the resistance at the carbon surface/electrolyte interface and the nanotubes permeating the porous carbon provide fast charge transport in the cell. Keywords: bimetallic catalyst; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; N-doped carbon; porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrid; supercapacitor

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• for the ORR in alkaline electrodes. It is even larger than N-doped carbon black or N-doped GSs (N-GSs) due to its 3D macroporous structure and high surface area, in addition to exhibiting a higher current density, lower ring current, lower H2O2 yield, higher electron transfer, and better durability